Volcanoes by country

Canada

Volcanoes in Canada

Map, activity and eruption history

The Holocene catalogue of the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program lists 24 volcanoes in Canada. This page brings together the map, report status, eruption history and the surroundings of every single volcano. None of them currently has a running eruption report.

Earthquakes · Canada
With a current report
None No current eruption report
Volcanoes in the catalogue
24
Documented eruptions
24
Highest volcano
2,860 mSilverthrone
Last documented eruption
1904Iskut-Unuk River Cones

Map

Volcano map of Canada

Every volcano in the country with plate boundaries, air traffic within 50 km, airports and nuclear power plants. Earthquakes can be added on top.

Map layers

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Markers show the catalogue position of a volcano, not the extent of a hazard zone. Plate boundaries after Bird (2003), PB2002.

All volcanoes in Canada

Sorted by report status and elevation. Every entry opens the full volcano profile.

Volcano catalogue
  1. Silverthrone No current eruption report
    Type
    Caldera
    Elevation
    2,860 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  2. Edziza No current eruption report
    Type
    Stratovolcano
    Elevation
    2,786 m
    Last eruption
    950
    Eruptions
    4
  3. Meager No current eruption report
    Type
    Volcanic complex
    Elevation
    2,680 m
    Last eruption
    410 BCE
    Eruptions
    1
  4. Garibaldi No current eruption report
    Type
    Stratovolcano
    Elevation
    2,678 m
    Last eruption
    8060 BCE
    Eruptions
    1
  5. Bridge River Cones No current eruption report
    Type
    Volcanic field
    Elevation
    2,500 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  6. Spectrum Range No current eruption report
    Type
    Shield volcano
    Elevation
    2,430 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  7. Cayley Volcanic Field No current eruption report
    Type
    Volcanic field
    Elevation
    2,375 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  8. Garibaldi Lake No current eruption report
    Type
    Volcanic field
    Elevation
    2,316 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  9. Alligator Lake No current eruption report
    Type
    Volcanic field
    Elevation
    2,217 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  10. Level Mountain No current eruption report
    Type
    Shield volcano
    Elevation
    2,164 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  11. Tuya Volcanic Field No current eruption report
    Type
    Volcanic field
    Elevation
    2,123 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  12. Heart Peaks No current eruption report
    Type
    Shield volcano
    Elevation
    2,012 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  13. Atlin Volcanic Field No current eruption report
    Type
    Pyroclastic cone
    Elevation
    1,880 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
    1
  14. Iskut-Unuk River Cones No current eruption report
    Type
    Pyroclastic cone
    Elevation
    1,880 m
    Last eruption
    1800
    Eruptions
    8
  15. Hoodoo Mountain No current eruption report
    Type
    Pyroclastic cone
    Elevation
    1,850 m
    Last eruption
    7050 BCE
    Eruptions
    1
  16. Fort Selkirk No current eruption report
    Type
    Volcanic field
    Elevation
    1,239 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions
  17. Nazko No current eruption report
    Type
    Pyroclastic cone
    Elevation
    1,238 m
    Last eruption
    5220 BCE
    Eruptions
    1
  18. Wells Gray-Clearwater No current eruption report
    Type
    Volcanic field
    Elevation
    950 m
    Last eruption
    1550
    Eruptions
    2
  19. Tseax River Cone No current eruption report
    Type
    Pyroclastic cone
    Elevation
    612 m
    Last eruption
    1690
    Eruptions
    2
  20. Crow Lagoon No current eruption report
    Type
    Pyroclastic cone
    Elevation
    335 m
    Last eruption
    Not available
    Eruptions

“Last eruption” is a catalogue record, not evidence of activity in progress.

Significant volcanic eruptions in Canada

Eruptions with fatalities, damage or high explosivity from the NOAA NCEI database of significant volcanic eruptions.

  1. 1730 Tseax River Cone Deaths: few (roughly 1–50)

Explosivity of the documented eruptions

VEI · 6

VEI 0
3
VEI 1
0
VEI 2
0
VEI 3
2
VEI 4
0
VEI 5
1
VEI 6
0

The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) runs from 0 (effusive) to 8 (super-eruptive). Each step stands for roughly ten times the erupted mass.

Eruptions per century

1500–1599
2
1600–1699
1
1800–1899
2
1900–1999
1

Documented eruptions since 1500. Earlier centuries are recorded less completely, so a rise also reflects better observation.

Earthquakes near volcanoes – Canada

0 events in the last 30 days within 50 km of a volcano in Canada.

Earthquakes · Canada

No event within 50 km of a volcano in Canada was recorded in the last 30 days.

Spatial proximity does not establish a volcanic origin. Many events in volcanic regions are tectonic.

Tectonic setting and volcano types

What the volcanic landscape of Canada is made of and which tectonic setting it sits in.

Tectonic setting

  • Intraplate / Continental crust (> 25 km)15
  • Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)6
  • Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)2

Most common volcano types

  • Volcanic field7
  • Pyroclastic cone7
  • Shield volcano3
  • Fissure vent3
  • Stratovolcano2

Infrastructure within 100 km

Airports with scheduled service and nuclear power plant sites near a volcano in Canada.

Airports 11

  • Whitehorse / Erik Nielsen International Airport37.5 km · YXY
  • Prince Rupert Airport48.1 km · YPR
  • Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport51.9 km · ZEL
  • Pitt Meadows Regional Airport73.7 km
  • Vancouver International Airport74.2 km · YVR
  • Wrangell Airport74.3 km · WRG
  • Northwest Regional Airport Terrace-Kitimat74.4 km · YXT
  • Dease Lake Airport76.7 km · YDL
  • Quesnel Airport82.5 km · YQZ
  • Powell River Airport92.8 km · YPW
  • Point Roberts Airpark97.2 km

Nuclear power plants 0

No site from the included datasets lies within this radius.

This selection shows geographic proximity, not a hazard zone or confirmed impacts.

Volcanoes in profile – Canada

Short descriptions of the country's best-known volcanoes.

Silverthrone

Caldera · 2,860 m · Last eruption: Not available

The Silverthrone Caldera, also referred to as the Silverthrone Caldera Complex, is a volcano in Range 2 Coast Land District of British Columbia, Canada. It lies within the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains and reaches an elevation of 2,860 metres, although some sources give the elevation as high as 3,160 m (10,370 ft). The caldera is about 25 by 20 kilometres in size and has been deeply eroded, resulting in the formation of rugged topography. Several glacial meltwater streams originating from the volcano flow through valleys in the Pacific Ranges. These include the Pashleth, Selman and Catto creeks and the Kingcome and Wakeman rivers. The caldera contains several named mountains, including Mounts Somolenko, Overill, Kinch, Squire, Ardern and Calli, as well as Petrovsky Peak and Silverthrone Mountain.

Edziza

Stratovolcano · 2,786 m · Last eruption: 950

The Mount Edziza volcanic complex is a group of volcanoes and associated lava flows in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Located on the Tahltan Highland, it is 40 kilometres southeast of Telegraph Creek and 85 km (53 mi) southwest of Dease Lake. The complex encompasses a broad, steep-sided lava plateau that extends over 1,000 km2 (390 mi2). Its highest summit is 2,786 metres in elevation, making the MEVC the highest of four large complexes in an extensive north–south trending volcanic region. It is obscured by an ice cap characterized by several outlet glaciers that stretch out to lower altitudes.

Meager

Volcanic complex · 2,680 m · Last eruption: 410 BCE

Mount Meager is a mountain in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It represents the second highest peak of the Mount Meager massif, a group of coalescent stratovolcanoes in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt.

Garibaldi

Stratovolcano · 2,678 m · Last eruption: 8060 BCE

Mount Garibaldi is a dormant stratovolcano in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Pacific Ranges in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has a maximum elevation of 2,678 metres and rises above the surrounding landscape on the east side of the Cheakamus River in New Westminster Land District. In addition to the main peak, Mount Garibaldi has two named sub-peaks. Atwell Peak is a sharp, conical peak slightly higher than the more rounded peak of Dalton Dome. Both were volcanically active at different times throughout Mount Garibaldi's eruptive history. The northern and eastern flanks of Mount Garibaldi are obscured by the Garibaldi Névé, a large snowfield containing several radiating glaciers. Flowing from the steep western face of Mount Garibaldi is the Cheekye River, a tributary of the Cheakamus River. Opal Cone on the southeastern flank is a small volcanic cone from which a lengthy lava flow descends. The western face is a landslide feature that formed in a series of collapses between 12,800 and 11,500 years ago. These collapses resulted in the formation of a large debris flow deposit that fans out into the Squamish Valley.

Bridge River Cones

Volcanic field · 2,500 m · Last eruption: Not available

The Bridge River Cones, sometimes referred to as the Lillooet Cones and Salal Creek Cones, is the name given to a volcanic field located on the north flank of the upper Bridge River, about 40 km (25 mi) west of the town of Gold Bridge. The cones are in the lee of the Lillooet Icecap and sit astride a group of passes between the Bridge River, which flows W-E to their south, and the Lord River, which flows north to the Taseko Lakes in the Chilcotin District.

Spectrum Range

Shield volcano · 2,430 m · Last eruption: Not available

The Spectrum Range is a small mountain range in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Located on the Tahltan Highland, it borders the Skeena Mountains in the east and the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains in the west. The range is bounded by the Arctic Lake Plateau in the southwest and the Kitsu Plateau in the northwest. It lies at the southern end of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, which includes the two neighbouring plateaus and the Big Raven Plateau to the north. The range contains glaciers and is drained on all sides by streams within the Stikine River watershed. It is characterized by multi-coloured rocks, after which the range is named. Kitsu Peak, the highest point of the range, reaches an elevation of 2,430 metres. The range is a protected area as it lies within Mount Edziza Provincial Park, one of the largest provincial parks in British Columbia.

Short descriptions: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0

Frequently asked questions about volcanoes in Canada

How many volcanoes are there in Canada?
The Holocene catalogue of the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program lists 24 volcanoes in Canada. It covers volcanoes with eruptions during the last roughly 12,000 years.
Which volcano in Canada is the highest?
The highest recorded volcano is Silverthrone at 2,860 m.
When was the last documented eruption in Canada?
The most recent eruption documented in the catalogue dates from 1904 (Iskut-Unuk River Cones).
Are the volcanoes in Canada active?
None of the 24 volcanoes currently has an eruption report. That does not mean they are extinct – source coverage differs from volcano to volcano.
Why does the map show aircraft around volcanoes?
Volcanic ash endangers aircraft engines. The map therefore shows live positions within 50 km of a volcano so that the proximity of air traffic to an active volcano becomes visible.
Where does the data on this page come from?
Catalogue data and eruption history from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, significant eruptions from NOAA NCEI, alert levels and bulletins from USGS, GeoNet and INGV, earthquakes from the QuakeMap24 database, flight positions from ADSB.lol.

Volcanoes in other countries

Countries with at least 5 volcanoes in the catalogue.

All countries with volcanoes

Sources and data dates

Everything shown comes from the public sources listed below and is updated automatically.

QuakeMap24 is not a warning authority. Follow the responsible authorities when making local decisions.